Page 3 (English translation of Ilm us sarf)

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Mafool is the person whom the action is done upon. For example a person called Tom hit his Cat. Tom is the Faail, and his Cat is the Mafool.

Fael Maroof is that fael where the person who does the action is known.

Fael Majhool is that fael where the person who does the action is unknown.

Fael Laazim is when a sentence only has a Faail, for example: Tom sat down.

Fael Mutadee is that Fael which has a Faail and a Mafool in a sentence, for example: Tom hit his cat.

Gaaib is that sentence when the person is not there.

Haadhir is that sentence when the person is present.

Mutakalim is the person talking

Waahid is one, Tasniya is two, Juma is more then two.

Harf-e-Asli are the main letters, Faa, Ain, and Laam. The word: نصر will fall on these letters: فعل, so they will both have the same Harkat, Noon will have Fatha like the Faa, etc.
The 3 letters are called: Faa Kalima, Ain Kalima, and Laam Kalima. Any letter which replaces them will also have the same name, for example in نصر the noon is a Faa kalima, the saad is a Ain kalima and the raa is a Laam Kalima.

Harfe Zaaid will be on page 4

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